Treaty of Rome (1957)
It established the European Economic Community(EEC) which then
set up the four freedoms: the goods, the services, the capital
and the labor or the people. The important six that make up this
treaty consist of Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Germany,
France and Italy. ? Schengen Agreement(1985) This agreement called
for the common market to move through a transgression period and
become a single market. This will demonstrate the last time that
there is a bilateral state agreement, it will become ?Open Borders'
and it will due away with any border control. There will also
be no customs and with this agreement will come police cooperation.
Single European Act (1985)
This called for no more borders for anybody that belongs to the
Treaty of Rome. What this did was it created a more broader and
deeper Europe and it resulted to a shift toward ?pooled sovereignty?. What
this act wanted to do was work with politics through the economic
standpoint.
Delores Package (1987)
This package set up institutions for structural aid to the poorer
states (Spain, Portugal, Greece, and Ireland). It was an economic/social
cohesion and its target for 1992 was to set up the European Monetary Union (EMU). What it did not want to do was bring on a new chapter of German
dominance.
Maastricht Treaty (1991)
Was the greates overhaul of the idea of the European Community
since the Treaty of Rome. This is where the European Council becomes
the European Union. It also sets up three new agencies: the Court of Auditors, the
Council of Regions and Europol. The treaty also set up three ?pillars?
which consisted of and economic policy, a foreign policy and a
home/justice policy. It also wanted to give new structural aid
to the poorer states, a new and deep social charter, a common
security policy and a Parliament with decision making power.
European Monetary Union (EMU)
It established the European Central Bank(ECB) which was modeled
after Germanys bank called the Bundesbank, it was set up to be
completely independent of politics. The criteria for states to
join was their inflation rate could be no higher than 1.5% of
the lowest 3 states, long term interest rates could be no higher
than 2% above the average of the 3 lowest states, the most important
was the budget deficits could be no higher than 3%of GDP, the
public debt could be no higher than 60% of GDP and the last criteria
to join was their exchange rate adherence to the European Monetary
System's bandwidths for 2 years.
| Timetable for European Monetary Union (EMU) |
| January 1, 1999 = Emu is launched and members national currencies
are fixed vis-a-vis the euro. National notes and coins remain
legal tender. The euro becomes a legal currency but does not enter
circulation. The ECB begins to conduct a single monetary policy
for the moneary union. The European Exchange Rate Mechanism II
(ERMII) begins operation for the currencies of non-EMU countries
which were part of ERM.
January 1, 2002 = Euro notes and coins begin circulation. National currencies are gradually removed from circulation and lose legal status by July, 2002. Source: TD Economics |