Definitions and Terms


Treaty of Rome (1957)

It established the European Economic Community(EEC) which then set up the four freedoms: the goods, the services, the capital and the labor or the people. The important six that make up this treaty consist of Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Germany, France and Italy. ? Schengen Agreement(1985) This agreement called for the common market to move through a transgression period and become a single market. This will demonstrate the last time that there is a bilateral state agreement, it will become ?Open Borders' and it will due away with any border control. There will also be no customs and with this agreement will come police cooperation.

Single European Act (1985)

This called for no more borders for anybody that belongs to the Treaty of Rome. What this did was it created a more broader and deeper Europe and it resulted to a shift toward ?pooled sovereignty?. What this act wanted to do was work with politics through the economic standpoint.

Delores Package (1987)

This package set up institutions for structural aid to the poorer states (Spain, Portugal, Greece, and Ireland). It was an economic/social cohesion and its target for 1992 was to set up the European Monetary Union (EMU). What it did not want to do was bring on a new chapter of German dominance.

Maastricht Treaty (1991)

Was the greates overhaul of the idea of the European Community since the Treaty of Rome. This is where the European Council becomes the European Union. It also sets up three new agencies: the Court of Auditors, the Council of Regions and Europol. The treaty also set up three ?pillars? which consisted of and economic policy, a foreign policy and a home/justice policy. It also wanted to give new structural aid to the poorer states, a new and deep social charter, a common security policy and a Parliament with decision making power.

European Monetary Union (EMU)

It established the European Central Bank(ECB) which was modeled after Germanys bank called the Bundesbank, it was set up to be completely independent of politics. The criteria for states to join was their inflation rate could be no higher than 1.5% of the lowest 3 states, long term interest rates could be no higher than 2% above the average of the 3 lowest states, the most important was the budget deficits could be no higher than 3%of GDP, the public debt could be no higher than 60% of GDP and the last criteria to join was their exchange rate adherence to the European Monetary System's bandwidths for 2 years.


Timetable for European Monetary Union (EMU)
January 1, 1999 = Emu is launched and members national currencies are fixed vis-a-vis the euro. National notes and coins remain legal tender. The euro becomes a legal currency but does not enter circulation. The ECB begins to conduct a single monetary policy for the moneary union. The European Exchange Rate Mechanism II (ERMII) begins operation for the currencies of non-EMU countries which were part of ERM.

January 1, 2002 = Euro notes and coins begin circulation. National currencies are gradually removed from circulation and lose legal status by July, 2002.

Source: TD Economics